Which scenario best illustrates expressed consent?

Expressed consent occurs when a patient gives permission for a medical professional to provide treatment after being fully informed about the procedures and possible consequences. In the scenario where a skier seeks medical assistance, this individual demonstrates awareness of their situation and actively requests help, thereby indicating their consent for treatment.

This clearly illustrates the concept of expressed consent because the skier is not only conscious but also has the capacity and willingness to engage with medical personnel about their needs. The act of seeking help signifies that the skier understands the necessity of medical care and consents to receive it.

In contrast, the other scenarios do not provide a clear indication of consent. A patient who remains quiet may or may not understand their situation or want treatment, leaving consent ambiguous. A runner who collapses during a race may be in a state where they are unable to express consent, particularly if they are unconscious or incapacitated. An unresponsive person at an accident scene cannot give any indication of their wishes or capacity to consent, making it impossible to ascertain expressed consent in that situation. Thus, the scenario with the skier effectively demonstrates the principle of expressed consent, highlighting the importance of clear communication and patient engagement in consent processes.